FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences is a reputable peer-reviewed journal in the field of Social Sciences that focuses on local wisdom in addressing contemporary socio-cultural issues. The journal promotes critical and interdisciplinary research that bridges global scholarly perspectives with local knowledge systems, traditions, and socio-cultural identities across diverse communities worldwide, with a specific emphasis on Indonesia. Its scope includes, but is not limited to, studies on educational development, political dynamics, legal issues, humanities and cultural studies, and economic transformation. Specifically, it covers educational innovation and Islamic education, governance and socio-political processes, law and social justice systems, cultural and religious studies, as well as economic development and Islamic economics. The journal emphasizes a comprehensive and contextual approach that integrates local wisdom, cultural heritage, and community-based values with global academic discourse to produce meaningful contributions to the advancement of social sciences. Fenomena is published twice a year by the Centre for Research and Community Service (LP2M), UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, East Java, Indonesia.
The Evolution of Secularism in Kazakhstan: Legal Frameworks and Official Discourses
This article examines the evolution of secularism in Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2023. The Constitution of the Republic affirms secularism by guaranteeing neutrality and freedom of conscience, yet the state actively endorses Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school and Russian Orthodoxy. Previous research on Kazakhstan has primarily focused on state control of religion and the securitization of Islam, while the legal framework and political discourse remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the implementation of secularism in public rhetoric and legal documents over time. In addition, it relies on a qualitative analysis of the Constitutions, relevant laws, and key statements by national leaders. The study reveals that secularism in Kazakhstan has evolved. It has shifted from a neutral approach in the 1990s to an ideological framework that primarily associates secularism with state-approved religions. In this context, the authorities support certain denominations while displacing alternative faiths. Thus, Kazakhstan’s approach to secularism maintains the official separation of religion and state while supporting religious groups that align with state-approved beliefs and values. Artikel ini mengkaji evolusi sekularisme di Kazakhstan dari tahun 1991 hingga 2023. Konstitusi Republik Kazakhstan menegaskan prinsip sekularisme dengan menetapkan netralitas dan kebebasan berkeyakinan, namun negara secara aktif mendukung Islam Sunni mazhab Hanafi dan Ortodoksi Rusia. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang Kazakhstan umumnya berfokus pada isu-isu seperti kontrol negara terhadap agama dan pengamanan terhadap Islam, namun jarang menelaah kerangka hukum dan wacana politik. Studi ini mengisi kesenjangan tersebut dengan menganalisis penerapan sekularisme dalam retorika publik dan dokumen hukum dari waktu ke waktu. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif terhadap Konstitusi, undang-undang, dan pernyataan penting dari para pemimpin nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekularisme di Kazakhstan telah berkembang: dari pendekatan netral pada tahun 1990-an menjadi kerangka ideologis yang terutama mengaitkan sekularisme dengan agama-agama yang disetujui negara. Dalam konteks ini, otoritas negara mendukung denominasi keagamaan tertentu sambil mengesampingkan kepercayaan alternatif. Dengan demikian, pendekatan terhadap sekularisme di Kazakhstan mempertahankan pemisahan resmi antara agama dan negara, namun memberikan dukungan kepada kelompok agama yang sejalan dengan nilai-nilai dan keyakinan yang disetujui negara.
Copyright (c) 2025 Makpal Davletyarova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mental Health as a Determinant of Academic Performance among Students of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Nigeria
Mental health plays a crucial role in students’ academic and social lives. However, while global and regional studies have explored the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among university students, limited research has examined how these factors specifically influence academic performance in Nigerian colleges of education. This study addresses that gap by investigating mental health as a determinant of academic performance among Emmanuel Alayande College of Education (EACOED) students in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with a purposive sample of 366 students, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were applied. The results show that academic stress and financial hardship are the strongest predictors of depression, while excessive technology use significantly increases stress and anxiety. Importantly, a moderate negative correlation (r = –0.54, p < 0.05) was found between psychological distress and academic performance, confirming that poor mental health directly reduces students’ academic outcomes. The study makes a novel contribution by demonstrating that, unlike in previous African and Asian studies where family expectations and social support were central, academic and financial stressors are more critical in this Nigerian college context. It concludes that mental health literacy and proactive institutional interventions—such as campus-based counselling units, financial support schemes, and digital wellness programs—are essential for improving student well-being and academic success.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafat Bukola Dauda, Abdulkarim Olatunji Abdulkadir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Dhikr-Based Qur’anic Education and Early Religious Character Development of Young Learners
Developing religious character in elementary school children through Qur'anic dhikr practices often faces challenges, especially in bridging ritual recitation with deeper spiritual internalization. While previous studies highlight the general role of tahfīẓ and dhikr in character formation, little research has examined the operational use of specific Qur'anic verses in structured daily routines for young learners. This study explores the implementation of Sūrat al-Insān verses 25–26 in daily dhikr activities at the Tahfidz Qur'an Islamic Boarding School for Children Raudlatul Falah (PPATQ RF). It identifies its implications for the development of children's religious character. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through one-week participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and parents, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was applied to triangulate findings across interviews, observations, and institutional records. Results show that structured daily dhikr grounded in Qur'anic verses enhances children's spiritual discipline, emotional stability, and religious awareness. Challenges include children's physical adaptation to demanding schedules, limited comprehension of abstract spiritual meanings, and inconsistent family support. The study concludes that an integrated dhikr approach—linking physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions—significantly strengthens religious character formation. It demonstrates how operationalizing specific Qur'anic verses within a structured educational routine provides a replicable model for early character development. Pembentukan karakter religius pada anak usia sekolah dasar melalui praktik dzikir Qur’ani sering menghadapi kendala, terutama dalam menjembatani antara bacaan ritual dan internalisasi spiritual yang lebih mendalam. Meskipun penelitian sebelumnya menyoroti peran umum tahfīẓ dan dzikir dalam pembentukan karakter, masih sedikit penelitian yang mengkaji penggunaan operasional ayat-ayat Qur’an tertentu dalam rutinitas harian yang terstruktur bagi anak-anak. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi implementasi Surat al-Insan ayat 25–26 dalam aktivitas dzikir harian di Pondok Pesantren Anak-anak Tahfidzul Qur’an Raudlatul Falah (PPATQ RF) serta mengidentifikasi implikasinya terhadap pembentukan karakter religius anak. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus dengan teknik observasi partisipatif selama satu minggu, wawancara mendalam dengan guru dan orang tua, serta analisis dokumen. Analisis tematik diterapkan untuk menelaah temuan melalui triangulasi data wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen institusional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dzikir harian yang terstruktur berdasarkan ayat-ayat Qur’an mampu meningkatkan disiplin spiritual, kestabilan emosi, dan kesadaran religius anak. Tantangan yang muncul mencakup adaptasi fisik anak terhadap jadwal yang padat, keterbatasan pemahaman makna spiritual yang abstrak, serta dukungan keluarga yang tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan dzikir yang terintegrasi—melibatkan aspek fisik, emosional, dan spiritual—secara signifikan memperkuat pembentukan karakter religius. Kontribusi penelitian terletak pada penunjukan bagaimana operasionalisasi ayat Qur’an tertentu dalam rutinitas pendidikan terstruktur dapat menjadi model yang dapat direplikasi untuk pengembangan karakter sejak dini.
Copyright (c) 2025 Taufikin Taufikin, Sri Nurhayati, Makmur Harun, Habib Badawi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
An Integrative Model of Music Royalty Determination: Mathematical and Sharia Economic Perspectives
Music royalties remain a crucial yet often debated issue in Indonesia's café and restaurant sector, especially in Muslim-majority regions where legal obligations intersect with Sharia economic principles. Previous studies tend to address royalty disputes from either a legal or religious angle, leaving a gap for an integrated approach. This study seeks to fill that gap by combining a quantitative revenue estimation model with fiqh muamalah analysis to determine royalty obligations. Using Strong Coffee café as a case study, the research applies a descriptive–quantitative method. Data collection is based on operational assumptions, including average spending per customer, turnover rate, adequate seating capacity, and the applicable royalty tariff. Revenue is estimated by calculating monthly income derived from seat capacity and daily utilization, followed by a proportional royalty assessment. Findings indicate that with 69 seats, a three-time daily turnover, and an average spending of IDR 11,000, the café's monthly revenue reaches approximately IDR 31.7 million, resulting in a royalty payment of IDR 345,000. The study presents a novel perspective: royalty compliance constitutes not only a legal requirement but also a moral and religious duty under Sharia, thereby reinforcing business ethics and consumer trust. The paper concludes with recommendations for regular internal audits and Sharia-based outreach programs for policymakers. Royalti musik tetap menjadi isu penting sekaligus diperdebatkan dalam industri kafe dan restoran di Indonesia, terutama di wilayah mayoritas Muslim di mana kewajiban hukum beririsan dengan prinsip ekonomi syariah. Studi terdahulu umumnya membahas persoalan royalti dari sisi hukum atau agama secara terpisah, sehingga menyisakan celah bagi pendekatan terpadu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisi celah tersebut dengan mengombinasikan model estimasi pendapatan kuantitatif dan analisis fikih muamalah untuk menentukan kewajiban royalti. Studi kasus dilakukan di kafe Strong Coffee dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif–kuantitatif. Data dianalisis berdasarkan asumsi operasional meliputi rata-rata belanja per pelanggan, tingkat perputaran kursi, kapasitas efektif tempat duduk, serta tarif royalti yang berlaku. Perhitungan dimulai dari pendapatan bulanan hasil pemanfaatan kapasitas kursi, kemudian diturunkan ke jumlah kewajiban royalti. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan 69 kursi, tiga kali perputaran harian, dan rata-rata belanja Rp 11.000, pendapatan bulanan mencapai sekitar Rp 31,7 juta dengan kewajiban royalti sebesar Rp 345.000. Temuan ini menegaskan kebaruan perspektif: kepatuhan royalti bukan hanya kewajiban hukum, tetapi juga tanggung jawab moral-religius dalam syariah, sehingga memperkuat etika bisnis dan kepercayaan konsumen. Penelitian menyarankan audit internal rutin bagi pelaku usaha serta sosialisasi berbasis syariah bagi pembuat kebijakan.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agus Miftakus Surur, Hatıra Günerhan, Alwi Musa Muzaiyin, Pandi Rais, Agus Subandono, Sri Pujilestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowing My World: An English Learning Module Development with Multimodality and Deep Learning Approach
The new policy of the Indonesian educational system aims to engage all stakeholders, including teachers, in continually improving their capacity and adapting to changes. This study aims to develop an English language learning module titled "Knowing My World" for lower-grade primary students by adopting the ADDIE development model. The module integrates deep learning principles and local cultural content to enhance student engagement and contextual understanding, a development that has never been attempted before. This research was conducted at SDN 1 Kepulauan Pongok using a Research and Development (R&D) approach. The needs analysis revealed that students aged 8 to 9 years required visually rich, interactive, and culturally relevant materials. The design phase focused on structuring the module into six thematic units covering vocabulary related to colours, animals, food, daily routines, school, and nature. Instructional strategies included storytelling, songs, role-play, and group tasks. The module was piloted in one school, supported by teacher training and digital tools. The validity and practicality tests showed a valid result, with an average validity of 80.4% and an average practicality of 83% from both teachers and students. Suggestions for improvement included adding digital interactivity, bilingual guidance, and phonics-based activities. The results indicate that culturally contextualized and developmentally appropriate materials can support joyful and meaningful English learning in early education settings. Kebijakan baru dalam sistem pendidikan di Indonesia menuntut seluruh pemangku kepentingan, termasuk para guru, untuk terus meningkatkan kapasitas mereka dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris berjudul “Knowing My World” bagi siswa sekolah dasar kelas rendah dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Modul ini mengintegrasikan prinsip pembelajaran mendalam serta muatan budaya lokal untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dan pemahaman kontekstual yang belum pernah dikembangkan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN 1 Kepulauan Pongok dengan pendekatan Research and Development (R&D). Hasil analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa siswa berusia 8–9 tahun memerlukan materi yang kaya visual, interaktif, serta relevan dengan budaya mereka. Pada tahap perancangan, modul disusun ke dalam enam unit tematik yang mencakup kosakata tentang warna, hewan, makanan, rutinitas sehari-hari, sekolah, dan alam. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan meliputi bercerita, lagu, bermain peran, dan tugas kelompok. Modul ini diujicobakan di satu sekolah dengan dukungan pelatihan guru dan pemanfaatan perangkat digital. Hasil uji validitas dan praktikalitas menunjukkan hasil yang baik, yaitu valid dengan persentase 80,4% pada uji validitas dan 83% pada uji praktikalitas rata-rata dari guru dan siswa. Beberapa saran perbaikan mencakup penambahan interaktivitas digital, panduan dwibahasa, serta kegiatan berbasis fonik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa materi pembelajaran yang kontekstual secara budaya dan sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan anak dapat mendukung pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang menyenangkan dan bermakna di pendidikan dasar.
Copyright (c) 2025 Haiyudi Haiyudi, Iful Rahmawati Mega, Dewi Agustin, Nurul Qomariyah, Zahra Herani, Sitthipon Art-in https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Disrupting From Within: Teungku Inong and The Reconfiguration of Religious Authority in Aceh's Dayah
The participation of women ulama in Aceh has grown alongside the tightening of religious regulations. However, Southeast Asian scholarship on piety and agency rarely unpacks dayah's institutional mechanisms—especially the conversion of ethical capital into institutional recognition through negotiation and strategy within conventional (male-dominated) leadership arenas. To address this gap, drawing on qualitative data (interviews, observation, and forum documentation), this study examines: (i) the formation of piety and credentials among teungku inong; (ii) strategies for negotiating authority across compliance and resistance; and (iii) the conditions that render leadership legitimacy contingent. The findings show the cultivation of piety through a dayah–university trajectory, mastery of turāth texts and sanad networks, ritual discipline, and varied sartorial expressions; and the expansion of authority via the lexicon of musāwah, alternative spaces (beut seumeubeut and protection services), participation in formal bodies, sanad networks, and collaborations with NGOs. Overall, women's religious legitimacy in Aceh is contextual and contingent, emerging at the intersection of piety and institutional recognition, and shifting between transformation and co-optation. Keterlibatan ulama perempuan di Aceh meningkat seiring penguatan regulasi keagamaan, sementara kajian tentang kesalehan dan agensi di Asia Tenggara masih jarang mengurai mekanisme institusional dayah—khususnya konversi modal etis sebagai negosiasi dan strategi dalam arena kepemimpinan konvensional yang didominasi laki-laki. Untuk mengisi kekosongan tersebut dengan berbasis data kualitatif (wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi forum), studi ini memfokuskan pada: (i) pembentukan kesalehan dan kredensial teungku inong; (ii) strategi negosiasi otoritas antara kepatuhan dan resistensi; dan (iii) kondisi yang membuat legitimasi kepemimpinan bersifat kontingen. Temuan menunjukkan pembudayaan kesalehan melalui lintasan dayah–kampus, penguasaan kitab turāth, disiplin ritual, dan ragam ekspresi busana; perluasan otoritas lewat kosakata musāwah, ruang alternatif (beut seumeubeut dan layanan perlindungan), partisipasi di lembaga formal, jejaring sanad, dan kolaborasi LSM. Temuan menegaskan legitimasi keagamaan perempuan di Aceh bersifat kontekstual-kontingen, lahir dari persilangan kesalehan dan rekognisi kelembagaan, serta bergerak antara transformasi dan ko-optasi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Maulina, Irwan Abdullah, Wiwik Sushartami, Arifah Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Deradicalization Strategy: A Wasathiyah Curriculum for Gen Z in Islamic Boarding Schools
Islamic Religious Education (PAI) faces global challenges due to the infiltration of foreign ideologies that contradict Indonesian moderation values. Generation Z, deeply immersed in technology, is vulnerable to extreme religious interpretations. Previous studies have discussed Islamic moderation, but remain limited in integrating wasathiyah values into pesantren curricula that are responsive to the characteristics of Generation Z. This study aims to develop and implement a wasathiyah-based PAI curriculum at Nurul Chotib Al-Qodiri 4 Islamic Boarding School in Jember, focusing on instilling values of moderation, tolerance, and religious balance. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, involving participants such as caretakers, administrators, teachers, and students. Data analysis was conducted interactively through reduction, presentation, and verification, with validity tested through source and method triangulation. Results indicate that the wasathiyah curriculum enhances understanding of religious moderation, critical thinking skills, and students' inclusive attitudes. The integration of values in fiqh, creed, and moral education, along with pesantren cultural practices, effectively shapes adaptive religious character. The study concludes that the wasathiyah curriculum development is relevant for Generation Z and significantly contributes to creating a harmonious and tolerant society. Continuous evaluation is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the curriculum. Pendidikan agama Islam (PAI) menghadapi tantangan global akibat infiltrasi ideologi asing yang bertentangan dengan nilai moderasi Indonesia. Generasi Z, yang lekat dengan teknologi, rentan terhadap pemahaman agama yang ekstrem. Penelitian terdahulu telah membahas moderasi Islam, namun masih terbatas pada integrasi nilai wasathiyah ke dalam kurikulum pesantren yang responsif terhadap karakter Generasi Z. Studi ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan kurikulum PAI berbasis wasathiyah di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Chotib Al-Qodiri 4 Jember, dengan fokus pada nilai moderasi, toleransi, dan keseimbangan beragama. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dengan partisipan pengasuh, pengurus, ustad, dan santri. Analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif melalui reduksi, penyajian, dan verifikasi data, dengan uji keabsahan melalui triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kurikulum wasathiyah meningkatkan pemahaman moderasi beragama, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan sikap inklusif santri. Integrasi nilai dalam pembelajaran fikih, akidah, dan akhlak serta pembiasaan kultur pesantren efektif membentuk karakter religius yang adaptif. Simpulan penelitian menyatakan bahwa pengembangan kurikulum wasathiyah relevan bagi Generasi Z dan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap terwujudnya masyarakat harmonis dan toleran. Evaluasi berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk memastikan keefektifan kurikulum.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mochamad Fathurrozi, Nurul Anam, Tunde Ahmed Alfabanni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Quality and Identity in Islamic Education Branding: Exploring Quality, Culture, and Sustainability
Branding in Islamic secondary education is crucial for institutional legitimacy, yet existing studies often focus on marketing tactics or isolated quality indicators, overlooking the deeper mechanisms that build a credible brand. This research addresses this gap by investigating how quality management drives authentic branding in two Indonesian Islamic schools with contrasting governance models: a state-run madrasah (MAN 1 Bojonegoro) and a private pesantren-based school (MAS Abu Dzarrin). Employing a qualitative multi-case design, data were collected through 24 semi-structured interviews, 120 hours of participant observation, and document analysis. Thematic analysis, assisted by NVivo, revealed a dynamic four-stage process: participatory strategic planning sets the direction; a deeply rooted quality culture embeds plans into daily routines; stakeholder satisfaction and trust amplify reputation through advocacy; and sustainability management protects achievements during periods of Leadership and market change. The study concludes that enduring branding is not a marketing veneer, but rather the organic outcome of consistently excellent practices that are embraced by the entire school community. It offers a replicable framework for faith-based institutions to achieve long-term legitimacy and trust. Branding di pendidikan menengah Islam sangat penting untuk legitimasi kelembagaan, namun studi yang ada seringkali berfokus pada taktik pemasaran atau indikator mutu yang terisolasi, mengabaikan mekanisme yang lebih dalam yang membangun merek yang kredibel. Penelitian ini mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut dengan menyelidiki bagaimana manajemen mutu mendorong branding yang otentik di dua sekolah Islam Indonesia dengan model tata kelola yang kontras: madrasah negeri (MAN 1 Bojonegoro) dan sekolah swasta berbasis pesantren (MAS Abu Dzarrin). Dengan menggunakan desain multi-kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui 24 wawancara semi-terstruktur, 120 jam observasi partisipan, dan analisis dokumen. Analisis tematik, yang dibantu oleh NVivo, mengungkap proses dinamis empat tahap: perencanaan strategis partisipatif menetapkan arah; budaya mutu yang tertanam kuat mengintegrasikan rencana ke dalam rutinitas sehari-hari; kepuasan dan kepercayaan pemangku kepentingan memperkuat reputasi melalui advokasi; dan manajemen keberlanjutan melindungi capaian selama terjadi perubahan kepemimpinan dan pasar. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa branding yang berkelanjutan bukanlah lapisan pemasaran, melainkan hasil organik dari praktik-praktik unggul yang konsisten dan dijiwai oleh seluruh komunitas sekolah. Penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka kerja yang dapat direplikasi bagi lembaga berbasis agama untuk mencapai legitimasi dan kepercayaan jangka panjang.
Copyright (c) 2025 Su’udin Aziz, Ngainun Naim, Ainun Rahmah Kartika, Wildan Miftahussurur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Influence of Sandpaper Letter Media on Pre-Reading Skills in Children Aged 5-6
Pre-reading skills are a crucial foundation for early childhood literacy development; however, conventional teaching methods often lack multisensory engagement, which limits their effectiveness. While previous studies have acknowledged the importance of sensory experiences, a gap remains in empirical evidence that quantitatively demonstrates the impact of specific tactile media, such as Sandpaper Letters, on pre-reading abilities in children aged 5-6 within localized educational contexts. This study aims to analyze the effect of Sandpaper Letter media on the pre-reading skills of children in this age group. Using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design, the research involved 30 children from a kindergarten. The experimental group received learning interventions using Sandpaper Letters, while the control group used conventional methods. Data were collected through pre-reading skill tests and analyzed using normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and an independent t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group's letter recognition, phonemic awareness, and simple word formation skills, with a t-count of 1.934 exceeding the t-table of 1.729. The study concludes that Sandpaper Letter media is a practical, multisensory-based tool for significantly enhancing the pre-reading skills of children aged 5-6 years, offering a valuable strategy for early childhood educators. Keterampilan pra-membaca merupakan fondasi krusial bagi perkembangan literasi anak usia dini, namun metode pengajaran konvensional seringkali kurang melibatkan multisensori, sehingga membatasi efektivitasnya. Meskipun studi-studi terdahulu telah mengakui pentingnya pengalaman sensorik, masih terdapat kesenjangan bukti empiris yang secara kuantitatif mendemonstrasikan dampak media taktil spesifik, seperti Sandpaper Letter, terhadap kemampuan pra-membaca anak usia 5-6 tahun dalam konteks pendidikan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh media Sandpaper Letter terhadap keterampilan pra-membaca anak pada kelompok usia tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode kuasi-eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest control group, penelitian melibatkan 30 anak dari satu taman kanak-kanak. Kelompok eksperimen menerima intervensi pembelajaran menggunakan Sandpaper Letter, sementara kelompok kontrol menggunakan metode konvensional. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes keterampilan pra-membaca dan dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) dan uji-t independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen dalam hal pengenalan huruf, kesadaran fonemik, dan kemampuan menyusun kata sederhana, dengan nilai t-hitung 1,934 yang melebihi t-tabel 1,729. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa media Sandpaper Letter merupakan alat berbasis multisensori yang efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pra-membaca anak usia 5-6 tahun secara signifikan, sehingga menawarkan strategi yang berharga bagi pendidik anak usia dini.
Copyright (c) 2025 Epi Supriyani Siregar, Ika Purnama Sari, Estri Oktarena Ikrarini, Elce Purwandari, Ari Setiawan, Ambrosius Fernus Ndruru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transforming Islamic Finance through Maqashid Syari'ah: The Bahtsul Masail Approach
The rapid expansion of Islamic finance has been criticized for prioritizing technical Shari’ah compliance over substantive ethical outcomes, resulting in a significant “Maqāṣid deficit.” While prior studies advocate for integrating Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and recognize the procedural value of traditional forums like Baḥth al-Masāʾil (BM), a detailed empirical examination of how BM explicitly applies Maqāṣid principles to modern financial products remains lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating how BM operationalizes Maqāṣid—particularly ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of wealth) and ḥifẓ al-nafs (protection of well-being)—in its deliberations on contemporary Islamic finance. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, this research collected primary data through interviews and observations of BM sessions in East Java, supplemented by document analysis of fatwās and scholarly texts. The findings reveal a paradigm shift: BM systematically moves beyond validating contractual forms (shurūṭ) to assessing socio-economic impacts, as evidenced in rulings on excessive murābaḥah penalties, exploitative Fintech P2P models, and adaptive agricultural muḍārabah. By synthesizing textual principles (ʿibārāt) with contextual realities (waqiʿ), BM transforms fiqh into a dynamic tool for ethical oversight. This study concludes that BM offers a replicable, bottom-up model for embedding Maqāṣid into financial governance, addressing the theory-practice divide and promoting substantive socio-economic justice in Islamic finance. Ekspansi cepat keuangan syariah telah dikritik karena lebih mengutamakan kepatuhan teknis Shari’ah dibanding hasil etis substantif, menciptakan “defisit Maqāṣid” yang signifikan. Meskipun studi terdahulu menganjurkan integrasi Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah dan mengakui nilai prosedural forum tradisional seperti Baḥth al-Masāʾil (BM), pemeriksaan empiris rinci tentang bagaimana BM secara eksplisit menerapkan prinsip Maqāṣid pada produk keuangan modern masih kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisi celah tersebut dengan menyelidiki bagaimana BM mengoperasionalkan Maqāṣid—khususnya ḥifẓ al-māl (perlindungan harta) dan ḥifẓ al-nafs (perlindungan jiwa)—dalam deliberasinya tentang keuangan syariah kontemporer. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis, penelitian mengumpulkan data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi sidang BM di Jawa Timur, dilengkapi analisis dokumen fatwā dan teks keilmuan. Temuan mengungkap pergeseran paradigma: BM secara sistematis bergerak melampaui validasi bentuk kontrak (shurūṭ) ke penilaian dampak sosio-ekonomi, sebagaimana terbukti dalam putusan mengenai denda murābaḥah berlebihan, model Fintech P2P eksploitatif, dan muḍārabah pertanian adaptif. Dengan mensintesis prinsip tekstual (ʿibārāt) dan realitas kontekstual (waqiʿ), BM mengubah fiqh menjadi alat dinamis untuk pengawasan etis. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa BM menawarkan model bottom-up yang dapat direplikasi untuk menanamkan Maqāṣid ke dalam tata kelola keuangan, menjembatani kesenjangan teori-praktek dan mempromosikan keadilan sosio-ekonomi substantif dalam keuangan syariah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jamaludin Acmad Kholik, Qomarus Zaman, Asmuliadi Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0