Penerapan Maksim Tutur dan Prinsip Sopan Santun dalam Komunikasi Verbal di STAIN Jember

The Application of Conversational Maxims and Politeness Principles in Verbal Communication at the State Islamic College (STAIN) Jember

Abstract

A critical issue in academic verbal communication is balancing effective information transfer with respect for interlocutors. This study aims to describe how Grice's conversational maxims and Leech's politeness principles are applied in interactions among lecturers, students, and leaders at STAIN Jember. This qualitative research employed observation and recording of utterances, which were analyzed using an interactive model. The findings reveal that speech acts of conveying information use eight patterns, such as comment and comment-question patterns, and generally fulfill the cooperative principle. However, violations of the quality, quantity, and manner maxims were found in several patterns, including unsubstantiated comments and wordy utterances. Politeness principle violations mainly occurred in the sympathy and modesty maxims. In conclusion, the implementation of conversational maxims and politeness at STAIN Jember is adequate but requires improvement in informational accuracy and respect, especially in exam and hierarchical contexts. Integrating pragmatics into Indonesian language courses is recommended.

Fenomena krusial dalam komunikasi verbal di lingkungan akademik adalah perlunya keseimbangan antara penyampaian informasi yang efektif dan penghormatan terhadap mitra tutur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penerapan maksim percakapan (Grice) dan prinsip kesopanan (Leech) dalam interaksi dosen-mahasiswa, dosen-dosen, serta dosen-pimpinan di STAIN Jember. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode observasi dan pencatatan tuturan, lalu dianalisis dengan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindak tutur menyampaikan informasi menggunakan delapan pola, seperti pola komentar dan komentar-pertanyaan, yang secara umum memenuhi prinsip kerja sama. Namun ditemukan pelanggaran maksim kualitas, kuantitas, dan tata cara pada beberapa pola, seperti komentar yang tidak berbukti dan ujaran bertele-tele. Pelanggaran prinsip kesopanan terutama terjadi pada maksim simpati dan kerendahan hati. Kesimpulannya, penerapan maksim tutur dan kesopanan di STAIN Jember sudah cukup baik namun masih perlu perbaikan pada aspek ketepatan informasi dan rasa hormat, terutama dalam situasi ujian dan interaksi hirarkis. Disarankan integrasi materi pragmatik dalam mata kuliah bahasa Indonesia.