Islam Nusantara Dalam Perspektif Pemikiran Liberal Abdurrahman Wahid
Islam Nusantara from the Perspective of Abdurrahman Wahid's Liberal Thought
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v16i2.289Keywords:
Islam Nusantara, Abdurrahman Wahid, democracy, demokrasiAbstract
Indonesia’s ethnically and religiously plural society is highly prone to conflict, particularly when issues of ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations are disturbed. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) developed liberal thought emphasizing democracy, pluralism, and the indigenization of Islam as the foundation of national life. This study aims to examine Gus Dur’s liberal thought on Islam Nusantara within the context of post-New Order political struggles. The method used is library research with a qualitative-descriptive approach, analyzing Gus Dur’s works and related literature. The results show that Gus Dur rejected the structural formalization of Islam, instead prioritizing the moral, ethical, and spiritual substance of Islam in state life. He believed Pancasila is final because none of its values contradict Islamic principles. In conclusion, Gus Dur’s Islam Nusantara prioritizes openness, tolerance, and respect for minorities. The recommendation is that interreligious and social-humanitarian dialogue must be continuously enhanced to maintain national harmony.
Masyarakat Indonesia yang plural secara etnis dan agama sangat rentan terhadap konflik, terutama jika isu suku, agama, ras, dan antargolongan terganggu. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) mengembangkan pemikiran liberal yang menekankan demokrasi, pluralisme, dan pribumisasi Islam sebagai landasan kehidupan berbangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pemikiran liberal Gus Dur tentang Islam Nusantara dalam konteks pergulatan politik pasca-Orde Baru. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, menganalisis karya-karya Gus Dur dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gus Dur menolak formalisasi Islam secara struktural, sebaliknya mengedepankan substansi moral, etika, dan spiritual Islam dalam kehidupan bernegara. Ia meyakini Pancasila final karena tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip dasar Islam. Kesimpulannya, Islam Nusantara versi Gus Dur mengedepankan keterbukaan, toleransi, dan penghormatan terhadap minoritas. Rekomendasinya, dialog antaragama dan sosial-kemanusiaan perlu terus ditingkatkan untuk menjaga kerukunan nasional.
Downloads
References
A’la, Abd., Dari Neo-Modernisme ke Islam Liberal: Jejak Fazlur Rahman dalam Wacana Islam di Indonesia (Jakarta: Paramadina, 2003).
Abdalla, Ulii Abshar, “Menyegarkan Kembali Pemahaman Islam”, Harian KOMPAS (Senin, 18-11-2002).
Abdalla, Ulii Abshar, Menjadi Muslim Liberal (Jakarta: Diterbitkan atas kerjasama Jaringan Islam Liberal, Freedom Institute [dan] Nalar, 2005).
Achmad, Nur (Ed.), Pluralitas Agama: Kerukunan dalam Keragaman (Jakarta: Kompas, 2001).
Ahmad, Syed Riyaz, Maulana Maududi And The Islamic State (Lahore: People's Publishing House, 1976).
Ali, Fachry dan Bahtiar Effendy, Merambah Jalan Baru Islam: Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Islam Indonesia Masa Orde Baru (Bandung: Mizan, 1986).
Aminuddin, Kekuatan Islam dan Pergulatan Kekuasaan di Indonesia Sebelum dan sesudah Runtuhnya Rezim Soeharto (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1999).
Anwar, M. Syafii, Pemikiran dan Aksi Islam Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Politik Tentang Cendekiawan Muslim Orde Baru (Jakarta: Paramadina, 1995).
Arifin, Syamsul, Agus Purwadi, Khoirul Habib, Spiritualisasi Islam dan peradaban masa depan (Yogyakarta: Sipress, 1996).
Armer, J. Michael dan John Katsillis, “Modernization Theory,” dalam Edgar F. Borgatta (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sociology, Vol. III, 2nd Edition(USA: Macmillan, 2000).
Asyaukanie, A. Luthfi (ed.), Wajah Liberal Islam di Indonesia (Jakarta: Teater Utan Kayu, 2002).
Asyaukanie, A. Luthfi, “Masih Relevankah Fikih Siyasah?: Perspektif Baru Pemikiran Politik Islam”, dalam Komaruddin Hidayat dan Ahmad Gaus AF, Islam, Negara, dan Civil Society: Pemikiran dan Gerakan Islam Kontemporer (Jakarta: Paramadina, 2005).
Azra, Azyumardi, Jaringan Ulama: Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara (Bandung: Mizan, 1995).
Barton, Greg, “Islam in Indonesia, Becoming More Liberal?” Papers (Australia: CSEAS, Monash University, 1992).
Barton, Greg, “Neo-Modernism: A Vital Synthesis of Traditionalist and Modernist Islamic Thought in Indonesia”, Studi Islamika, Vol. 2 No. 3 (1995).
Barton, Greg, Biografi Gus Dur: The Authorized Biography of Gus Dur, penerjemah Lie Hua (Yogyakarta: LkiS, 2004).
Barton, Greg, Gagasan Islam Liberal Di Indonesia: Pemikiran Neo-Modernisme Nurcholish Madjid, Djohan Effendi, Ahmad Wahib, Dan Abdurrahman Wahid 1968-1980, Terj. Nanang Tahqiq (Jakarta: Pustaka Paramadina, 1999).
Bellah, Robert N., "Religious Evolution," American Sociological Review, Vol. 29, No. 3: 358-374 (Jun, 1964).
Berger, Peter L., Brigitte Berger dan Hansfried Kellner, Pikiran Kembara: Modernisasi dan Kesadaran Manusia, terj. A. Widyamartaya (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1992).
Berger, Peter L., The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1967).
Berger, Peter L., Langit Suci: Agama Sebagai Realitas Sosial, Terj. Hartono (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1991).
Bernhard, Dahm, Sukarno and the Struggle for Indonesian Independence (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1969).
Binder, Leonard, Islamic Liberalism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988).
de Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat baron , Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
Dent, N. J. H. , Rousseau: An Introduction to his Psychological, Social and Political Theory (New York: Blackwell, 1988).
Effendy, Bahtiar, Islam dan Negara: Transformasi Pemikiran dan Praktik Politik Islam di Indonesia (Jakarta: Paramadina, 1998).
Fletcher, Frank Thomas Herbert, Montesquieu and English Politics 1750-1800 (New York: Longmans, Green & Co, 1980).
Gibb, H.A.R., Modern Trends in Islam (USA: The University of Chicago Press, 1990).
Goldie, Mark (ed.), John Locke: Two Treatises of Government (London: Dent, Everyman Library; and Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle, 1993).
Grimsley, Ronald, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: A Study in Self-Awareness, 2nd Edition (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1969).
Grimsley, Ronald, The Philosophy of Rousseau (London: Oxford University Press, Grimsley, 1973).
Hazard, Paul, European Thought in the Eighteenth Century: From Montesquieu to Lessing (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954).
Hering, Bob, Soekarno: Founding Father of Indonesia 1901-1945 (Den Haag: KITLV Press, 2002).
Jenkins, David, Soeharto and His General: Indonesian Military Politics 1975-1983 (Cornell: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1984).
Kepel, Gilles, Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh (California: University of California Press, 1993).
Kurzman, Charles, Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook (USA: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Kurzman, Charles, Wacana Islam Neo-Modernisme: Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer tentang Isu-Isu Global (Jakarta: Paramadina, 2001).
Laslett, Peter (ed.), Locke: Two Treatises of Government (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1967).
Madjid, Nurcholish, "In Search of Islamic Roots for Modern Pluralism: The Indonesian Experiences", dalam Mark R. Woodward (ed.), Toward New Paradigm: Recent Development in Indonesian Islamic Thought (Arizona: Arizona State University, 1996).
Madjid, Nurcholish, "Ibnu Taymiyah on Kalam and Falsafah: Problem of Reason and Revelation in Islam", Ph.D. thesis (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1984).
Mahdi, Muhsin, Ibnu Khaldun’s Philosophy of History: A Study in the Philosophic Foundation of the Science of culture (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971).
Martinich, Aloysius Patrick, Hobbes: A Biography (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
Mason, John Hope, The Indispensable Rousseau, 1st Edition (London: Quartet Books, 1979).
Masters, Roger D., The Political Philosophy of Rousseau (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968).
Melzer, Arthur M., The Natural Goodness of Man: On the System of Rousseau’s Thought (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
Miller, James, Rousseau: Dreamer of Democracy (London: Yale University Press, 1984).
Mulia, Musdah, Negara Islam: Pemikiran Politik Husain Haekal (Jakarta: Paramadina, 2001).
Nurhakim, Moh., Neomodernisme dalam Islam (Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, 2001).
Paget, Roger Kent, Soekarno: Returning to the Rails (Unknown Binding: s.n, 1978).
Pals, Daniel L., Seven Theories of Religion (USA: Oxford University Press, 1996).
Pangle, Thomas L., Montesquieu’s Philosophy of Liberalism: A Commentary on The Spirit of the Laws (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).
Quasem, Mohammad Abul, The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ethics in Islam (Selangor, Malaysia: Petaling Jaya, 1975).
Rahman, Fazlur,"Islam Challenges and Opportunities", dalam A.T. Welch dan P. Cachia (eds.), Islam Its Influence and Present Challenge (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1979).
Robertson, Roland, The Sociological Interpretation of Religion (New York: Schocken Books, 1970).
Sachedina, Abdulaziz, "End-Of-Life: the Islamic View", The Lancet, Vol. 366, No. 9487: 774-779 (27 August, 2005).
Sastrapratedja, "Kata Pengantar", dalam Berger, Peter L., Kabar Angin Dari Langit: Makna Teologi dalam Masyarakat Modern, Terj. J.B. Sudarmanto (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1991).
Shah, M. Aunul Abied (et. al), Islam Garda Depan: Mosaik Pemikiran Islam Timur Tengah (Bandung: Mizan, 2001).
Smith, Joan K. & L. Glenn Smith, Lives in Education: A Narrative of People and Ideas, 2nd Edition (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994).
Sommerville, Johann P., Thomas Hobbes: Political Ideas In Historical Context (London: Macmillan, 1992).
Wahid, Abdurrahman (dkk.), Kontroversi Pemikiran Islam di Indonesia (Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1990).
Wahid, Abdurrahman (et al.), Dialog: Kritik dan Identitas Agama (Yogyakarta: Institut Dian/Interfidei, 1992).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Konggres Umat Islam: Mencari Format Hubungan Agama dengan Negara", dalam Abdul Mun’im DZ (ed.), Islam di Tengah Arus Transisi (Jakarta: Kompas, 2001).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Agama dan Demokrasi", dalam Y.B. Mangunwijaya, Agama dan Aspirasi Rakyat (Yogyakarta: Institut Dian/Interfidei, 1994).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Beberapa Aspek Teoritis dari Pemikiran Politik dan Negara Islam", AULA, Majalah PW NU Jawa Timur, Edisi Desember (1986).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Demokrasi Harus Diperjuangkan", Tempo (8 Agustus 1979).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Indonesia’s Mild Secularism", SAIS Review, Vol. 21, No. 2: 25-28 (Summer-Fall 2001).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Islam dan Civil Society: Pengalaman Indonesia", Majalah Halagah, Edisi No. 6 (1998).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Indonesia Di Persimpangan Jalan", Harian Bangsa (Jumat, 04 Juni 2004).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Indonesia Di Persimpangan Jalan", Jawa Pos (Selasa, 01 Juni 2004).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Islam dan Masyarakat Bangsa", Pesantren, Vol. VI, No. 3 (1989).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Jangan samakan Islam Dengan Arab", Jawa Pos (Jum’at 7 April 2006).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Krisis Kepercayaan Melanda Masyarakat", Kompas (Senin, 21 Mei 2007).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Orang Islam Bukan Golongan Islam", Jawa Pos (Jum’at, 4 Mei 2007).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, "Religius Nasionalis", Harian Bangsa (Rabu, 11 Agustus 2004).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Bunga Rampai Pesantren (Jakarta: Dharma Bhakti, 1979).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Gus Dur Menjawab Perubahan Zaman (Jakarta: Kompas, 1999).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Islam, Negara, dan Demokrasi (Jakarta: Erlangga, 1999).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita (Jakarta: The Wahid Institute, 2006).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Membangun Demokrasi (Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 1999).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Mengurai Hubungan Agama dan Negara (Jakarta: Grasindo, 1999).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Pergulatan Negara, Agama, dan Kebudayaan (Jakarta: Desantara, 2001).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Prisma Pemikiran Gus Dur (Yogyakarta: LKiS, 1999).
Wahid, Abdurrahman, Tabayun Gus Dur: Pribumisasi Islam, Hak Minoritas, Reformasi Kultural (Yogyakarta: LKiS, 1998).
Wallace, Anthony F. C., Religion: An Anthropological View (New York: Random House, 1966).
Walzer, Richard, Al-Farabi On The Perfect State (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985).
Watterson, Bill, Calvin and Hobbes (USA: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 1987).
Wokler, Robert, Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
Yatim, Badri, Soekarno, Islam, dan Nasionalisme (Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1999).
Yinger, John Milton, The Scientific Study of Religion (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1970).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
